Articles and its uses

 Articles:

A/ an/ The
Types of articles:
1. Definite article:
    The,     →  To particularize a noun

2. Indefinite articles:

    A/ An,   →  To generalize a noun

1. Definite articles:

(a) The______ دَا, before consonants.

    e.g., The sun

(b) The______  دِی, with soft sound, before vowels.

    e.g., The end.

(c) The______  دی, with stress, to give superlative form.

    e.g., My college is the college in Bahawal Pur.

Usage of definite articles:

1. To particularize a noun.

    e.g., Give me the pen.

2. Before a noun which is already mentioned (mention 2nd time).

     e.g., I bought a table. The table is made of wood.

3. Before a noun that stands for a class.

     e.g., The dog is a faithful animal.

4. Before superlative adjective.

      e.g., These are the best notes.

      e.g., England is the coldest in winter.

5. Before comparative, when there is selection.

      e.g., Of the two routes, this is the shorter.

6. Before comparative used as an adverb. Before comparative used in pairs.

     e.g., The more we get, the more we want.

7. Before a noun (with emphasize) to give it superlative form.

      e.g., My college is "the" college in Bahawal Pur.

8. Before the names of rivers (The Indus), seas (The Arabian Sea), oceans (The Indian ocean), gulfs (The Persian gulfs), straights (The straights of Gibraltar), canals (The Suez canal), bays (bays of Bengal)

NOTE:

      The is not used in lakes.

2. Indefinite articles:. (A/ an)

    To generalize a noun.

   e.g., Give me a pen (It may be any pen, not some particular)

An: Before vowel sounds.

A: Before consonants sounds.

   e.g., This is a table.

   e.g., This is an orange.

   e.g., Ali is an European.

Usage of indefinite articles:

1. A______ CNS (countable noun singular) mentioned first time.

    e.g., This is a house.

    e.g., This is a knife.

2. A/ An_______ One

    e.g., An elephant and a mouse fall in love.

    e.g., I would like an orange and two lemons, please.

Exceptions:

    e.g., Only one scissor was broken.

    e.g., Only a scissor (not a cup nor plate) was broken.

  To emphasize something, we do not use A/ An but one.

  Before measurements/ number, we also do not use A/ An.

    e.g., We need a/one hundred rupee.

    e.g., I bought a/one Kg meat.

3. A/ An______ Any, every, each.

    e.g., The Muslims say their prayers five times a day.

4. A/ An______ per prices, quantity, amount, speed.

    e.g., I can type sixty words a minute.

5. Before complements, A/ An are used. Like she is a member of a group ( profession, religion, nationality, any, other items)

    e.g., Ali is a doctor.

    e.g., It was an earthquake.

6. Before the names of a week when not referring to any particular day.

    e.g., I was born on a Wednesday.

7. Before somebody's name to show that the spoker or listener do not know the person.

    e.g., There is a Mr. Ali in the phone.

8. Before expression of exclamation with "what, such'' before a singular countable noun.

    e.g., Such a long queue!

    e.g., What a beautiful girl!

9. Before somebody's name to indicate that a person has some qualities of personed name.

    e.g., Our teacher is a hitler.

10. Idiomatic expression/fixed expressions.

List:

       In a moment, after a while, in a second, a few, a little, a lot of/ lots of, rather a, such a, a bit, many a, a great many, quite a, make a noise, tell a lie, get a job, take a test.

• Have a + diseases

          Have a cold, have a heart attack, have a sore throat, have a sore back, have a stroke, have a headache, have a toothache, have a rest.